Operator(bpy_struct)

Basic Operator Example

This script shows simple operator which prints a message.

Since the operator only has an Operator.execute function it takes no user input.

The function should return {'FINISHED'} or {'CANCELLED'}, the latter meaning that operator execution was aborted without making any changes, and saving an undo entry isn’t neccesary. If an error is detected after some changes have already been made, use the {'FINISHED'} return code, or the behavior of undo will be confusing for the user.

Note

Operator subclasses must be registered before accessing them from blender.

import bpy


class HelloWorldOperator(bpy.types.Operator):
    bl_idname = "wm.hello_world"
    bl_label = "Minimal Operator"

    def execute(self, context):
        print("Hello World")
        return {'FINISHED'}


# Only needed if you want to add into a dynamic menu.
def menu_func(self, context):
    self.layout.operator(HelloWorldOperator.bl_idname, text="Hello World Operator")


# Register and add to the view menu (required to also use F3 search "Hello World Operator" for quick access).
bpy.utils.register_class(HelloWorldOperator)
bpy.types.VIEW3D_MT_view.append(menu_func)

# Test call to the newly defined operator.
bpy.ops.wm.hello_world()

Invoke Function

Operator.invoke is used to initialize the operator from the context at the moment the operator is called. invoke() is typically used to assign properties which are then used by execute(). Some operators don’t have an execute() function, removing the ability to be repeated from a script or macro.

This example shows how to define an operator which gets mouse input to execute a function and that this operator can be invoked or executed from the python api.

Also notice this operator defines its own properties, these are different to typical class properties because blender registers them with the operator, to use as arguments when called, saved for operator undo/redo and automatically added into the user interface.

import bpy


class SimpleMouseOperator(bpy.types.Operator):
    """ This operator shows the mouse location,
        this string is used for the tooltip and API docs
    """
    bl_idname = "wm.mouse_position"
    bl_label = "Invoke Mouse Operator"

    x: bpy.props.IntProperty()
    y: bpy.props.IntProperty()

    def execute(self, context):
        # rather than printing, use the report function,
        # this way the message appears in the header,
        self.report({'INFO'}, "Mouse coords are %d %d" % (self.x, self.y))
        return {'FINISHED'}

    def invoke(self, context, event):
        self.x = event.mouse_x
        self.y = event.mouse_y
        return self.execute(context)


# Only needed if you want to add into a dynamic menu.
def menu_func(self, context):
    self.layout.operator(SimpleMouseOperator.bl_idname, text="Simple Mouse Operator")


# Register and add to the view menu (required to also use F3 search "Simple Mouse Operator" for quick access)
bpy.utils.register_class(SimpleMouseOperator)
bpy.types.VIEW3D_MT_view.append(menu_func)

# Test call to the newly defined operator.
# Here we call the operator and invoke it, meaning that the settings are taken
# from the mouse.
bpy.ops.wm.mouse_position('INVOKE_DEFAULT')

# Another test call, this time call execute() directly with pre-defined settings.
bpy.ops.wm.mouse_position('EXEC_DEFAULT', x=20, y=66)

Calling a File Selector

This example shows how an operator can use the file selector.

Notice the invoke function calls a window manager method and returns {'RUNNING_MODAL'}, this means the file selector stays open and the operator does not exit immediately after invoke finishes.

The file selector runs the operator, calling Operator.execute when the user confirms.

The Operator.poll function is optional, used to check if the operator can run.

import bpy


class ExportSomeData(bpy.types.Operator):
    """Test exporter which just writes hello world"""
    bl_idname = "export.some_data"
    bl_label = "Export Some Data"

    filepath: bpy.props.StringProperty(subtype="FILE_PATH")

    @classmethod
    def poll(cls, context):
        return context.object is not None

    def execute(self, context):
        file = open(self.filepath, 'w')
        file.write("Hello World " + context.object.name)
        return {'FINISHED'}

    def invoke(self, context, event):
        context.window_manager.fileselect_add(self)
        return {'RUNNING_MODAL'}


# Only needed if you want to add into a dynamic menu.
def menu_func(self, context):
    self.layout.operator_context = 'INVOKE_DEFAULT'
    self.layout.operator(ExportSomeData.bl_idname, text="Text Export Operator")


# Register and add to the file selector (required to also use F3 search "Text Export Operator" for quick access)
bpy.utils.register_class(ExportSomeData)
bpy.types.TOPBAR_MT_file_export.append(menu_func)


# test call
bpy.ops.export.some_data('INVOKE_DEFAULT')

Dialog Box

This operator uses its Operator.invoke function to call a popup.

import bpy


class DialogOperator(bpy.types.Operator):
    bl_idname = "object.dialog_operator"
    bl_label = "Simple Dialog Operator"

    my_float: bpy.props.FloatProperty(name="Some Floating Point")
    my_bool: bpy.props.BoolProperty(name="Toggle Option")
    my_string: bpy.props.StringProperty(name="String Value")

    def execute(self, context):
        message = (
            "Popup Values: %f, %d, '%s'" %
            (self.my_float, self.my_bool, self.my_string)
        )
        self.report({'INFO'}, message)
        return {'FINISHED'}

    def invoke(self, context, event):
        wm = context.window_manager
        return wm.invoke_props_dialog(self)


# Only needed if you want to add into a dynamic menu.
def menu_func(self, context):
    self.layout.operator(DialogOperator.bl_idname, text="Dialog Operator")


# Register and add to the object menu (required to also use F3 search "Dialog Operator" for quick access)
bpy.utils.register_class(DialogOperator)
bpy.types.VIEW3D_MT_object.append(menu_func)

# Test call.
bpy.ops.object.dialog_operator('INVOKE_DEFAULT')

Custom Drawing

By default operator properties use an automatic user interface layout. If you need more control you can create your own layout with a Operator.draw function.

This works like the Panel and Menu draw functions, its used for dialogs and file selectors.

import bpy


class CustomDrawOperator(bpy.types.Operator):
    bl_idname = "object.custom_draw"
    bl_label = "Simple Modal Operator"

    filepath: bpy.props.StringProperty(subtype="FILE_PATH")

    my_float: bpy.props.FloatProperty(name="Float")
    my_bool: bpy.props.BoolProperty(name="Toggle Option")
    my_string: bpy.props.StringProperty(name="String Value")

    def execute(self, context):
        print("Test", self)
        return {'FINISHED'}

    def invoke(self, context, event):
        wm = context.window_manager
        return wm.invoke_props_dialog(self)

    def draw(self, context):
        layout = self.layout
        col = layout.column()
        col.label(text="Custom Interface!")

        row = col.row()
        row.prop(self, "my_float")
        row.prop(self, "my_bool")

        col.prop(self, "my_string")


# Only needed if you want to add into a dynamic menu.
def menu_func(self, context):
    self.layout.operator(CustomDrawOperator.bl_idname, text="Custom Draw Operator")


# Register and add to the object menu (required to also use F3 search "Custom Draw Operator" for quick access).
bpy.utils.register_class(CustomDrawOperator)
bpy.types.VIEW3D_MT_object.append(menu_func)

# test call
bpy.ops.object.custom_draw('INVOKE_DEFAULT')

Enum Search Popup

You may want to have an operator prompt the user to select an item from a search field, this can be done using bpy.types.Operator.invoke_search_popup.

import bpy
from bpy.props import EnumProperty


class SearchEnumOperator(bpy.types.Operator):
    bl_idname = "object.search_enum_operator"
    bl_label = "Search Enum Operator"
    bl_property = "my_search"

    my_search: EnumProperty(
        name="My Search",
        items=(
            ('FOO', "Foo", ""),
            ('BAR', "Bar", ""),
            ('BAZ', "Baz", ""),
        ),
    )

    def execute(self, context):
        self.report({'INFO'}, "Selected:" + self.my_search)
        return {'FINISHED'}

    def invoke(self, context, event):
        context.window_manager.invoke_search_popup(self)
        return {'RUNNING_MODAL'}


# Only needed if you want to add into a dynamic menu.
def menu_func(self, context):
    self.layout.operator(SearchEnumOperator.bl_idname, text="Search Enum Operator")


# Register and add to the object menu (required to also use F3 search "Search Enum Operator" for quick access)
bpy.utils.register_class(SearchEnumOperator)
bpy.types.VIEW3D_MT_object.append(menu_func)

# test call
bpy.ops.object.search_enum_operator('INVOKE_DEFAULT')

base class — bpy_struct

class bpy.types.Operator(bpy_struct)

Storage of an operator being executed, or registered after execution

bl_cursor_pending

Cursor to use when waiting for the user to select a location to activate the operator (when bl_options has DEPENDS_ON_CURSOR set)

Type:

enum in Window Cursor Items, default ‘DEFAULT’

bl_description
Type:

string, default “”, (never None)

bl_idname
Type:

string, default “”, (never None)

bl_label
Type:

string, default “”, (never None)

bl_options

Options for this operator type

Type:

enum set in Operator Type Flag Items, default {‘REGISTER’}

bl_translation_context
Type:

string, default “Operator”, (never None)

bl_undo_group
Type:

string, default “”, (never None)

has_reports

Operator has a set of reports (warnings and errors) from last execution

Type:

boolean, default False, (readonly)

layout
Type:

UILayout, (readonly)

macros
Type:

bpy_prop_collection of Macro, (readonly)

name
Type:

string, default “”, (readonly, never None)

options

Runtime options

Type:

OperatorOptions, (readonly, never None)

properties
Type:

OperatorProperties, (readonly, never None)

bl_property

The name of a property to use as this operators primary property. Currently this is only used to select the default property when expanding an operator into a menu. :type: string

report(type, message)

report

Parameters:
  • type (enum set in Wm Report Items) – Type

  • message (string, (never None)) – Report Message

is_repeat()

is_repeat

Returns:

result

Return type:

boolean

classmethod poll(context)

Test if the operator can be called or not

Return type:

boolean

execute(context)

Execute the operator

Returns:

result

Return type:

enum set in Operator Return Items

check(context)

Check the operator settings, return True to signal a change to redraw

Returns:

result

Return type:

boolean

invoke(context, event)

Invoke the operator

Returns:

result

Return type:

enum set in Operator Return Items

modal(context, event)

Modal operator function

Returns:

result

Return type:

enum set in Operator Return Items

draw(context)

Draw function for the operator

cancel(context)

Called when the operator is canceled

classmethod description(context, properties)

Compute a description string that depends on parameters

Returns:

result

Return type:

string

as_keywords(*, ignore=())

Return a copy of the properties as a dictionary

classmethod bl_rna_get_subclass(id, default=None)
Parameters:

id (string) – The RNA type identifier.

Returns:

The RNA type or default when not found.

Return type:

bpy.types.Struct subclass

classmethod bl_rna_get_subclass_py(id, default=None)
Parameters:

id (string) – The RNA type identifier.

Returns:

The class or default when not found.

Return type:

type

classmethod poll_message_set(message, *args)

Set the message to show in the tool-tip when poll fails.

When message is callable, additional user defined positional arguments are passed to the message function.

Parameters:

message (string or a callable that returns a string or None.) – The message or a function that returns the message.

Inherited Properties

Inherited Functions

References