.. _bpy.ops.view3d.edit_mesh_extrude: .. _bpy.ops.mesh.extrude_region: .. (todo rewrite) Extrude Edges and Vertices Only needs a rewrite. ******* Extrude ******* Extrusion tools duplicate vertices, while keeping the new geometry connected with the original vertices. Vertices are turned into edges and edges will form faces. .. list-table:: * - .. figure:: /images/modeling_meshes_editing_duplicating_extrude_vert.png :width: 320px Single vertex extruded. - .. figure:: /images/modeling_meshes_editing_duplicating_extrude_edge.png :width: 320px Single edge extruded. This tool is of paramount importance for creating new geometry. It allows you to create parallelepipeds from rectangles and cylinders from circles, as well as easily creating such things as tree limbs. The axis on which vertices and edges are extruded along can be set interactively. Faces are extruded by default along their averaged normal. The extrusion can be limited to a single axis by specifying an axis; see :doc:`/scene_layout/object/editing/transform/control/axis_locking`. The extrude tools differentiate in how the new geometry is connected in itself. Flip Normals Reverses the :term:`normal's ` direction for any resulting geometry. .. _tool-mesh-extrude_region: Extrude Region ============== .. admonition:: Reference :class: refbox :Mode: Edit Mode :Panel: :menuselection:`Toolbar --> Tools --> Mesh Tools --> Add: Extrude Region` :Menu: :menuselection:`Mesh --> Extrude --> Extrude Region` :Hotkey: :kbd:`E` Only the border loop gets extruded. The inner region of the selection gets moved unchanged with the extrusion. .. list-table:: * - .. figure:: /images/modeling_meshes_editing_duplicating_extrude_face-before.png :width: 200px Selected face. - .. figure:: /images/modeling_meshes_editing_duplicating_extrude_face-after.png :width: 200px During extrude. - .. figure:: /images/modeling_meshes_editing_duplicating_extrude_face-after-zaxis.png :width: 200px Set to Z axis. Details ------- Although the process is quite intuitive, the principles behind *Extrude* are fairly elaborate as discussed below: - First, the algorithm determines the outside edge loop of the extrude; that is, which among the selected edges will be changed into faces. By default (see below), the algorithm considers edges belonging to two or more selected faces as internal, and hence not part of the loop. - The edges in the edge loop are then changed into faces. - If the edges in the edge loop belong to only one face in the complete mesh, then all of the selected faces are duplicated and linked to the newly created faces. For example, rectangles will result in parallelepipeds during this stage. - In other cases, the selected faces are linked to the newly created faces but not duplicated. This prevents undesired faces from being retained "inside" the resulting mesh. This distinction is extremely important since it ensures the construction of consistently coherent, closed volumes at all times when using *Extrude*. - When extruding completely closed volumes (like e.g. a cube with all its six faces), extrusion results merely in a duplication, as the volume is duplicated, without any link to the original one. - Edges not belonging to selected faces, which form an "open" edge loop, are duplicated and a new face is created between the new edge and the original one. - Single selected vertices which do not belong to selected edges are duplicated and a new edge is created between the two. .. _tool-mesh-extrude_individual: Extrude Individual ================== .. admonition:: Reference :class: refbox :Mode: Edit Mode :Panel: :menuselection:`Toolbar --> Tools --> Mesh Tools --> Add: Extrude Individual` :Menu: :menuselection:`Mesh --> Extrude --> Individual Faces` :Hotkey: :kbd:`Alt-E` *Extrude Individual* allows you to extrude a selection of multiple faces as individuals, instead of as a region. The faces are extruded along their own normals, rather than their average. This has several consequences: first, "internal" edges (i.e. edges between two selected faces) are no longer deleted (the original faces are). .. list-table:: * - .. figure:: /images/modeling_meshes_editing_duplicating_extrude_face-multi.png :width: 200px Selection of multiple faces. - .. figure:: /images/modeling_meshes_editing_duplicating_extrude_face-multi-region.png :width: 200px Extruded using extrude region. - .. figure:: /images/modeling_meshes_editing_duplicating_extrude_face-multi-individual.png :width: 200px Extruded using Extrude Individual. Extrude Edges and Vertices Only =============================== .. admonition:: Reference :class: refbox :Mode: Edit Mode, Vertex and Edge :Panel: :menuselection:`Toolbar --> Tools --> Mesh Tools --> Add: Extrude` :Menu: :menuselection:`Mesh --> Extrude --> Extrude Edges/Vertices Only` :Hotkey: :kbd:`Alt-E` If vertices are selected while doing an extrude, but they do not form an edge or face, they will extrude as expected, forming a :term:`non-manifold` edge. Similarly, if edges are selected that do not form a face, they will extrude to form a face. When a selection of vertices forms an edge or face, it will extrude as if the edge was selected. Likewise for edges that form a face. To force a vertex or edge selection to extrude as a vertex or edge, respectively, use :kbd:`Alt-E` to access the Extrude *Edges Only* and *Vertices Only*. .. list-table:: * - .. figure:: /images/modeling_meshes_editing_duplicating_extrude_verts-before.png :width: 320px Vertex selected. - .. figure:: /images/modeling_meshes_editing_duplicating_extrude_verts-after.png :width: 320px Vertices Only extrude. * - .. figure:: /images/modeling_meshes_editing_duplicating_extrude_edges-before.png :width: 320px Edge selected. - .. figure:: /images/modeling_meshes_editing_duplicating_extrude_edges-after.png :width: 320px Edge Only extrude. Extrude Repeat Mesh =================== .. admonition:: Reference :class: refbox :Mode: Edit Mode :Menu: :menuselection:`Operator Search --> Extrude Repeat Mesh` This tool has to be called from :doc:`/interface/controls/templates/operator_search`. If the selection is not manifold it's extruded the specified number of times, else it behaves similar to the :doc:`/modeling/modifiers/generate/array`. The extrusion is aligned along the Z axis of the view. Offset Distance between the instances. Steps Number of instances.