Formats vidéo pris en charge¶
Formats vidéo¶
Ces formats sont utilisés principalement pour compresser des séquences de rendu en un film lisible (ils peuvent aussi être utilisés pour faire des fichiers audio purs)
A codec is a little routine that compresses the video so that it will fit on a Blu-ray, or be able to be streamed out over the Internet, over a cable, or just be a reasonable file size. Codecs compress the channels of a video down to save space and enable continuous playback. Lossy codecs make smaller files at the expense of image quality, while lossless codecs compress as much as possible the video, but without losing any existing data.
Some codecs, like H.264, are great for larger images. Codecs are used to encode and decode the movie, and so must be present on both the encoding machine (Blender) and the target machine. The results of the encoding are stored in a container file.
There are dozens, if not hundreds, of codecs, including Xvid, H.264, DivX, Microsoft, and so on. Each has advantages and disadvantages, and compatibility with different players on different operating systems.
Note
La plupart des codecs peuvent uniquement compresser l”espace de couleurs RGB ou YUV, mais certains prennent aussi en charge le canal Alpha. Les codecs qui prennent en charge RGBA sont entre autres :
- FFmpeg video codec #1
- PNG
- Quicktime
- PNG TIFF Pixlet n’est pas sans perte, et peut-être seulement disponible sur macOS.
Blender offers three ways to export videos, in the File Format selector of the Output properties:
- AVI JPEG
- AVI but with JPEG compression. Lossy, smaller files but not as small as you can get with a Codec compression algorithm. JPEG compression is also the one used in the DV format used in digital camcorders.
- AVI Raw
- Trames non compressées au format Audio-Video Interlaced (AVI).
- FFmpeg video
- FFmpeg codec compression. Which codecs are available depends on the operating system and FFmpeg version. This options allows for a lot of different encodings, some presets are available (to the right of the Encoding sub-panel) to help getting started. This option is also the only one allowing to export audio.
FFmpeg Containers¶
- MPEG-1:
.mpg,.mpeg - A standard for lossy compression of video and audio. It is designed to compress VHS-quality raw digital video and CD audio down to 1.5 Mbit/s. This container enforces the video codec, you can only define quality parameters, and the audio codec.
- MPEG-2:
.dvd,.vob,.mpg,.mpeg - A standard for « the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information ». It describes a combination of lossy video compression and lossy audio data compression methods which permit storage and transmission of movies using currently available storage media (notably DVDs) and transmission bandwidth. This container enforces the video codec, you can only define quality parameters, and the audio codec.
- MPEG-4:
.mp4,.mpg,.mpeg - While being a video codec, it is also a real container, in which you can store video and audio streams using various codecs. It is widely supported by many modern software and hardware players.
- AVI:
.avi - A derivative of the Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF). One of the first and most widely used video container format.
- Quicktime:
.mov - A multi-tracks format. QuickTime and MP4 container formats can use the same codecs. They are mostly interchangeable in a QuickTime-only environment. MP4, being an international standard, has more support.
- DV:
.dv - An intra-frame video compression scheme, used by many digital camcorders back in the days. It uses the discrete cosine transform (DCT, similar algorithm to JPEG) to compress video on a frame-by-frame basis. Audio is stored uncompressed. This container enforces the video codec, you can only define quality parameters.
- Ogg:
.ogg,.ogv - A free open-standard container format, that can hold an unlimited number of video, audio, picture or subtitle tracks in one file.
- Matroska:
.mkv - un standard libre de format de conteneur, un format de fichier qui peut gérer un nombre illimité de pistes (vidéo, audio, image ou sous-titre) dans un seul fichier.
- Flash:
.flv - A container file format used to deliver video over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player. This container enforces the video codec, you can only define quality parameters.
FFmpeg Video Codecs¶
Those options are not available with all Containers.
- No Video
- Pour l’encodage audio uniquement.
- DNxHD
- Intended to be usable as both an intermediate format suitable for use while editing, and as a presentation format. It can be either lossless or lossy.
- DV
- See Containers.
- FFmpeg video codec #1
- FFV1 is a lossless intra-frame video codec. It can use either variable length coding or arithmetic coding for entropy coding. The encoder and decoder are part of the free, open-source library libavcodec in FFmpeg. Supports an alpha channel.
- Flash Video
- See Containers.
- H.264
- A modern variation of the MPEG-4 family, this lossy codec is very commonly used. It offers a very good compression/quality ratio.
- HuffYUV
- Codec vidéo sans perte créé par Ben Rudiak-Gould qui est destiné à remplacer le YCbCr non compressé comme format de capture vidéo.
- MPEG-1
- See Containers.
- MPEG-2
- See Containers.
- MPEG-4(DivX)
- Inherits many of the features of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 and other related standards, and adds new features.
- PNG
- Lossless, this stores each frame as an independent image in the video stream. Compression will be poor, but as every frame is fully safe-contend, scrubbing and editing can be simpler. Supports an alpha channel.
- QT rle / QT Animation
- Original format of QuickTime videos. Supports an alpha channel.
- Theora
- A free open-standard lossy codec designed together with the Ogg container.
- WEBM / VP9:
- A free open-standard lossy video compression format. One of the most recent codec, it is widely used for internet streaming.
FFmpeg Audio Codecs¶
- No Audio
- For video-only encoding.
- AAC
- Advanced Audio Codec, a standardized, lossy compression and encoding scheme for digital audio. AAC generally achieves better sound quality than MP3 at similar bit rates.
- AC3
- Audio Codec 3, une technologie de compression audio développée par les Laboratoires Dolby.
- FLAC
- Free Lossless Audio Codec. Digital audio compressed by FLAC’s algorithm can typically be reduced to 50-60% of its original size.
- MP2
- A lossy audio compression format.
- MP3
- A lossy audio compression format, widely used as final audio format.
- PCM
- Pulse Code Modulation, une méthode utilisée pour représenter des signaux analogiques échantillonnés. C’est le standard pour l’audio numérique dans les ordinateurs et dans divers formats de Blu-Ray, Compact Disc et DVD, ainsi que dans les systèmes de téléphonie numérique.
- Vorbis
- An open-standard, highly-compressed format comparable to MP3 or AAC. Vorbis generally achieves better sound quality than MP3 at similar bit rates.