Render Baking
Cycles shaders and lighting can be baked to image textures. This has a few different purposes, most commonly:
Baking textures like base color or normal maps for export to game engines.
Baking ambient occlusion or procedural textures, as a base for texture painting or further edits.
Creating light maps to provide global illumination or speed up rendering in games.
Setup
Baking requires a mesh to have a UV map, and either vertex colors or an Image Texture node with an image to be baked to. The Active Image Texture node or Vertex Color layer is used as the baking target.
Use Render Bake in intensive light/shadow solutions, such as AO or soft shadows from area lights. If you bake AO for the main objects, you will not have to enable it for the full render, saving render time. Cycles uses the render settings (samples, bounces, …) for baking. This way the quality of the baked textures should match the result you get from the rendered scene.
Settings
Reference
- Panel
- Bake
Perform the baking operation.
- Bake from Multires
Bake directly from multires object.
- Bake Type
Type of pass to bake.
- Combined
Bakes all materials, textures, and lighting except specularity. The passes that contribute to the combined pass can be toggled individually to form the final map.
- Ambient Occlusion
Bakes ambient occlusion as specified in the World panels. Ignores all lights in the scene.
- Shadow
Bakes shadows and lighting.
- Normal
Bakes normals to an RGB image.
- UV
Mapped UV coordinates, used to represent where on a mesh a texture gets mapped too. This is represented through the red and green channels of the image, the blue channel is encoded with a constant value of 1 but does not hold any information.
- Roughness
Bakes the roughness pass of a material.
- Emit
Bakes Emission, or the Glow color of a material.
- Environment
Bakes the environment (i.e. the world surface shader defined for the scene) onto the selected object(s) as seen by rays cast from the world origin.
- Diffuse
Bakes the diffuse pass of a material.
- Glossy
Bakes the glossiness pass of a material.
- Transmission
Bakes the transmission pass of a material.
Influence
Combined
- Lighting
- Direct
Add direct lighting contribution.
- Indirect
Add indirect lighting contribution.
- Contributions
- Diffuse
Add diffuse contribution.
- Glossy
Add glossy contribution.
- Transmission
Add transmission contribution.
- Ambient Occlusion
Add ambient occlusion contribution.
- Emit
Add emission contribution.
Diffuse, Glossy, Transmission
- Contributions
-
- Color
Colorize the pass.
If only Color is selected you get the pass color, which is a property of the surface and independent of sampling refinement.
If Color is not selected, you get the direct and/or indirect contributions in gray-scale.
If Color and either Direct or Indirect are selected, you get the direct and/or indirect contributions colored.
Normal
- Space
Normals can be baked in different spaces:
For materials, the same spaces can be chosen in the image texture options next to the existing Normal Map setting. For correct results, the setting here should match the setting used for baking.
- Object
Normals in object coordinates, independent of object transformation, but dependent on deformation.
- Tangent
Normals in tangent space coordinates, independent of object transformation and deformation. This is the default, and the right choice in most cases, since then the normal map can be used for animated objects too.
- Swizzle R, G, B
Axis to bake into the red, green and blue channel.
Selected to Active
Bake shading on the surface of selected objects to the active object. The rays are cast from the low-poly object inwards towards the high-poly object. If the high-poly object is not entirely involved by the low-poly object, you can tweak the rays start point with Max Ray Distance or Extrusion (depending on whether or not you are using cage). For even more control you can use a Cage Object.
Note
There is a CPU fixed memory footprint for every object used to bake from. In order to avoid crashes due to lack of memory, the high-poly objects can be joined before the baking process.
- Cage
Cast rays to active object from a cage. A cage is a ballooned-out version of the low-poly mesh created either automatically (by adjusting the ray distance) or manually (by specifying an object to use). When not using a cage the rays will conform to the mesh normals. This produces glitches on the edges, but it is a preferable method when baking into planes to avoid the need of adding extra loops around the edges.
- Cage Object
Object to use as cage instead of calculating the cage from the active object with the Cage Extrusion.
- Cage Extrusion
Distance to use for the inward ray cast when using Selected to Active and Cage. The inward rays are casted from a version of the active object with disabled Edge Split Modifiers. Hard splits (e.g. when the Edge Split Modifier is applied) should be avoided because they will lead to non-smooth normals around the edges.
Note
When the base mesh extruded does not give good results, you can create a copy of the base mesh and modify it to use as a Cage. Both meshes need to have the same Topology (number of faces and face order).
- Max Ray Distance
Distance to use for the inward ray cast when using Selected to Active. Ray distance is only available when not using Cage.
Output
- Target
Where to output the baked map.
- Image Textures
Bake to the image data-block associated with the Active Image Texture node.
- Clear Image
If selected, clears the image before baking render.
- Vertex Colors
Bake to the Active Vertex Color layer on the active mesh. Note, the active object must be a mesh as other object types do not have vertex colors.
Margin
When baking to images, by default a margin is generated around UV “islands”. This is important to avoid discontinuities at UV seams, due to texture filtering and mipmapping.
- Type
Method to generate the margin.
- Extend
Extend border pixels outwards.
- Adjacent Faces
Fill margin using pixels from adjacent faces across UV seams.
- Size
Size of the margin in pixels.