Tipos de mapeamento

Referência

Editor:3D View Mode:Edit Mode Panel:Toolbar ‣ Shading/UVs ‣ UVs ‣ UV Mapping: Unwrap Menu:Mesh ‣ UV Unwrap Hotkey:U

Referência

Editor:UV Editor Mode:View mode Panel:Toolbar ‣ Tools ‣ UV Tools ‣ UV Unwrap: Unwrap Menu:UVs ‣ Unwrap Hotkey:E

Blender offers several ways of mapping UVs. The simpler projection methods use formulas that map 3D space onto 2D space, by interpolating the position of points toward a point/axis/plane through a surface. The more advanced methods can be used with more complex models, and have more specific uses.

Desdobrar

Resultado do desdobramento da malha da Suzanne.

Flattens the mesh surface by cutting along seams. Useful for organic shapes.

Begin by selecting all faces to be unwrapped in the 3D View. With our faces selected, it is now time to unwrap them. In the 3D View, select Mesh ‣ UV Unwrap ‣ Unwrap or U and select Unwrap.

You can also do this from the UV Editor with UVs ‣ Unwrap or E. This method will unwrap all of the faces and reset previous work. The UVs menu will appear in the UV Editor after unwrapping has been performed once.

This tool unwraps the faces of the object to provide the «best fit» scenario based on how the faces are connected and will fit within the image, and takes into account any seams within the selected faces. If possible, each selected face gets its own different area of the image and is not overlapping any other faces UV’s. If all faces of an object are selected, then each face is mapped to some portion of the image.

Opções

Blender has two ways of calculating the unwrapping. They can be selected in the tool setting in the tool panel in the 3D View.

Usar ângulos como base

This method gives a good 2D representation of a mesh.

Conformante

Uses LSCM (Least Squared Conformal Mapping). This usually gives a less accurate UV mapping than Angle Based, but works better for simpler objects.

Preencher lacunas

Activating Fill Holes will prevent overlapping from occurring and better represent any holes in the UV regions.

Corrigir aspecto

Mapeia as UVs levando em conta a proporção de aspecto da imagem.

Usar o modificador de subdivisão de superfície

Mapeia as UVs obtendo a posição do vértices após o modificador de subdivisão de superfície ter sido aplicado.

Margens

Espaço entre as ilhas de UVs.

Dica

A face’s UV image texture only has to use part of the image, not the whole image. Also, portions of the same image can be shared by multiple faces. A face can be mapped to less and less of the total image.

Projeção UV inteligente

A projeção inteligente aplicada em um cubo.

Smart UV Project, (previously called the Archimapper) cuts the mesh based on an angle threshold (angular changes in your mesh). This gives you fine control over how automatic seams are be created. It is good method for simple and complex geometric forms, such as mechanical objects or architecture.

This algorithm examines the shape of your object, the faces selected and their relation to one another, and creates a UV map based on this information and settings that you supply.

In the example to the right, the Smart Mapper mapped all of the faces of a cube to a neat arrangement of three sides on top, three sides on the bottom, for all six sides of the cube to fit squarely, just like the faces of the cube.

For more complex mechanical objects, this tool can very quickly and easily create a very logical and straightforward UV layout for you.

Opções

The Adjust Last Operation panel allows fine control over how the mesh is unwrapped:

Limite angular

This controls how faces are grouped: a higher limit will lead to many small groups but less distortion, while a lower limit will create fewer groups at the expense of more distortion.

Margens das ilhas

This controls how closely the UV islands are packed together. A higher number will add more space in between islands.

Peso de área

Vetor de projeções de peso pelas faces com áreas mais largas.

Pacote Lightmap

Lightmap Pack takes each of a mesh’s faces, or selected faces, and packs them into the UV bounds. Lightmaps are used primarily in gaming contexts, where lighting information is baked onto texture maps, when it is essential to utilize as much UV space as possible. It can also work on several meshes at once. It has several options that appear in the Toolbar:

You can set the tool to map just Selected Faces or All Faces if working with a single mesh.

The Selected Mesh Object option works on multiple meshes. To use this, in Object Mode select several mesh objects, then go into Edit Mode and activate the tool.

Opções

Compartilhar espaço de textura

This is useful if mapping more than one mesh. It attempts to fit all of the objects” faces in the UV bounds without overlapping.

Novo mapa UV

If mapping multiple meshes, this option creates a new UV map for each mesh. See Managing the Layout.

Nova imagem

Assigns new images for every mesh, but only one if Shared Tex Space is enabled.

Tamanho da imagem

Define o tamanho da nova imagem.

Qualidade de empacotamento

Pre-packing before the more complex Box packing.

Margens

This controls how closely the UV islands are packed together. A higher number will add more space in between islands.

Seguir os quadriláteros ativos

The Follow Active Quads tool takes the selected faces and lays them out by following continuous face loops, even if the mesh face is irregularly-shaped. Note that it does not respect the image size, so you may have to scale them all down a bit to fit the image area.

Opções

Modo de comprimento de aresta:

Uniformizar

Faz um espaçamento das UVs de maneira uniforme.

Comprimento

Média de espaçamento do comprimento das arestas UV em cada anel.

Nota

Please note that it is the shape of the active quad in UV space that is being followed, not its shape in 3D space. To get a clean 90-degree unwrap make sure the active quad is a rectangle in UV space before using «Follow active quad».

Projeção cúbica

Cube Projection maps the mesh onto the faces of a cube, which is then unfolded. It projects the mesh onto six separate planes, creating six UV islands. In the UV editor, these will appear overlapped, but can be moved. See Editing UVs.

Opções

Tamanho de cubo

Set the size of the cube to be projected onto.

Comum

The following settings are common for the Cube, Cylinder, and Sphere mappings:

Corrigir aspecto

Map UVs will take the images aspect ratio into consideration. If an image has already been mapped to the texture space that is non-square, the projection will take this into account and distort the mapping to appear correct.

Cortar para os limites

Any UVs that lie outside the (0 to 1) range will be clipped to that range by being moved to the UV space border it is closest to.

Escalonar para as margens

If the UV map is larger than the (0 to 1) range, the entire map will be scaled to fit inside.

Projeção no cilindro e na esfera.

Using an equirectangular image with a Sphere Projection.

Cylindrical and Spherical mappings have the same options. The difference is that a cylindrical mapping projects the UVs on a plan toward the cylinder shape, while a spherical map takes into account the sphere’s curvature, and each latitude line becomes evenly spaced. Useful for spherical shapes, like eyes, planets, etc.

Normally, to unwrap a cylinder (tube) as if you slit it lengthwise and folded it flat, Blender wants the view to be vertical, with the tube standing «up». Different views will project the tube onto the UV map differently, skewing the image if used. However, you can set the axis on which the calculation is done manually. This same idea works for the sphere mapping:

Recall the opening cartographer’s approaching to mapping the world? Well, you can achieve the same here when unwrapping a sphere from different perspectives. Normally, to unwrap a sphere, view the sphere with the poles at the top and bottom. After unwrapping, Blender will give you an equirectangular projection; the point at the equator facing you will be in the middle of the image. A polar view will give a very different but common projection map. Using an equirectangular projection map of the earth as the UV image will give a very nice planet mapping onto the sphere.

Opções

Direção

Visualização nos polos

Use when viewing from the top (at a pole) by using an axis that is straight down from the view.

Visualização no equador

Use if view is looking at the equator, by using a vertical axis.

Alinhar a objeto

Uses the object’s transform to calculate the axis.

Alinhar

Seleciona qual dos eixos aponta para cima.

Polo ZX

O polo 0 está no eixo X.

Polo ZY

O polo 0 está no eixo Y.

Raio

O raio do cilindro que será utilizado.

Projetar a partir da vista

Project from View takes the current view in the 3D View and flattens the mesh as it appears. Use this option if you are using a picture of a real object as a UV Texture for an object that you have modeled. You will get some stretching in areas where the model recedes away from you.

Opções

See also Common options.

Ortográfica

Aplica uma projeção ortográfica.

Projetar a partir da vista (nos limites)

With Bounds will do the same as Project from View but with Scale to Bounds and Correct Aspect activated.

Redefinir

Reset UVs maps each face to fill the UV grid, giving each face the same mapping.

If we were to use an image that was tileable, the surface would be covered in a smooth repetition of that image, with the image skewed to fit the shape of each individual face. Use this unwrapping option to reset the map and undo any unwrapping (go back to the start).