Консоль Python

The Python Console is a quick way to execute commands, with access to the entire Python API, command history and auto-complete. The command prompt is typical for Python 3.x, the interpreter is loaded and is ready to accept commands at the prompt >>>.

The Python Console is a good way to explore the possibilities of Blender built-in Python. The Python Console can be used to test small bits of Python code which can then be pasted into larger scripts.

Python Console.

Интерфейс (interface)

Header Menus

Меню «вид»

Zoom In / Zoom Out

Increases/Decreases the font size of the console text.

Перейти к предыдущему слову Ctrl-Влево

Moves the cursor to the beginning of the previous word. If the cursor is in the middle of a word, the cursor is moved to the beginning of the current word.

Перейти к следующему слову Ctrl-Вправо

Moves the cursor to the end of the next word. If the cursor is in the middle of a word, the cursor is moved to the end of the current word.

Перейти к началу строки Home

Перемещает курсор в начало текущей строки.

Перейти к концу строки End

Перемещает курсор в конец текущей строки.

Console Menu

Очистить всё

Refreshes the console giving the view a fresh start. Note that command history is not cleared.

Очистить строку Shift-Return.

Removes everything from the prompt line.

Удалить предыдущее слово Ctrl-Backspace

Deletes everything between the cursor and the beginning of the previous word (separated by periods). If the cursor is in the middle of a word, deletes everything to the beginning of the current word.

Удалить следующее слово Ctrl-Delete

Deletes everything between the cursor and the end of the next word. If the cursor is in the middle of a word, deletes everything to the end of the current word.

Копировать как скрипт Shift-Ctrl-C

Copies the full history buffer to the clipboard, this can be pasted into a text file to be used as a Python script.

Копировать Ctrl-C

Copy the selection.

Вставить Ctrl-V

Paste into the command line.

Отступ Tab

Inserts a tab character at the cursor.

Unindent Shift-Tab

Отменяет выбор.

Backward in History Up

Changes the current command to previous command as they appear in the command history.

Forward in History Down

Changes the current command to next command as they appear in the command history.

Автозаполнение Tab

See Auto Completion for more information.

Основной вид

Назначение клавиш

• Left / Right – Cursor motion.

• Ctrl-Left / Ctrl-Right – Cursor motion, by word.

• Backspace / Delete – Стереть символы.

• Ctrl-Backspace / Ctrl-Delete – Стереть слова.

• Return – Выполнить команду.

• Shift-Return – Добавить в историю команд без выполнения.

Использование

Aliases

Some variables and modules are available for convenience:

• C: Quick access to bpy.context.

• D: Quick access to bpy.data.

• bpy: Top level Blender Python API module.

First Look at the Console Environment

To check what is loaded into the interpreter environment, type dir() at the prompt and execute it.

Auto Completion

Now, type bpy. and then press Tab and you will see the Console auto-complete feature in action.

You will notice that a list of submodules inside of bpy appear. These modules encapsulate all that we can do with Blender Python API and are very powerful tools.

Lets list all the contents of bpy.app module.

Notice the green output above the prompt where you enabled auto-completion. What you see is the result of auto completion listing. In the above listing all are module attributed names, but if you see any name end with (, then that is a function.

We will make use of this a lot to help our learning the API faster. Now that you got a hang of this, lets proceed to investigate some of modules in bpy.

Before Tinkering with the Modules

If you look at the 3D Viewport in the default Blender scene, you will notice three objects: Cube, Light and Camera.

• All objects exist in a context and there can be various modes under which they are operated upon.

• At any instance, only one object is active and there can be more than one selected object.

• All objects are data in the blend-file.

• There are operators/functions that create and modify these objects.

For all the scenarios listed above (not all were listed, mind you…) the bpy module provides functionality to access and modify data.

Примеры

bpy.context

Примечание

For the commands below to show the proper output, make sure you have selected object(s) in the 3D Viewport.

bpy.context.mode

Will print the current 3D Viewport mode (Object, Edit, Sculpt, etc.).

bpy.context.object or bpy.context.active_object

Will give you access to the active object in the 3D Viewport.

Change the X location to a value of 1:

bpy.context.object.location.x = 1

Move the object from previous X location by 0.5 unit:

bpy.context.object.location.x += 0.5

Change the X, Y, Z location:

bpy.context.object.location = (1, 2, 3)

Change only the X, Y components:

bpy.context.object.location.xy = (1, 2)

The data type of object’s location:

type(bpy.context.object.location)

Now that is a lot of data that you have access to:

dir(bpy.context.object.location)

bpy.context.selected_objects

Will give access to a list of all selected objects.

Type this and then press Tab:

bpy.context.selected_objects

To print out the name of first object in the list:

bpy.context.selected_objects[0]

The complex one… But this prints a list of objects not including the active object:

[obj for obj in bpy.context.selected_objects if obj != bpy.context.object]

bpy.data

bpy.data has functions and attributes that give you access to all the data in the blend-file.

You can access following data in the current blend-file: objects, meshes, materials, textures, scenes, screens, sounds, scripts, etc.

That is a lot of data.

bpy.ops

The tool system is built around the concept of operators. Operators are typically executed from buttons or menus but can be called directly from Python too.

See the bpy.ops API documentation for a list of all operators.