Editing

Reference

Mode:

Edit Mode and Weight Paint Mode

選單:

Weights

Weight Paint Tools.

Blender provides a set of helper tools for Weight Painting.

The Subset Option

Some of the tools also provide a Subset filter to restrict their functionality to only specific vertex groups (in the Adjust Last Operation panel, displayed after the tool is called) with following options:

• Active Group

• Selected Pose Bones

• Deform Pose Bones

• All Groups

All tools also work with Vertex Selection Masking and Face Selection Masking. In these modes the tools operate only on selected vertices or faces.

Assign from Bone Envelopes

Apply the envelope weight of the selected bone(s) to the selected vertex group.

Assign Automatic from Bone

Apply from the selected bone(s) to the vertex group the same "auto-weighting" methods as available in the Parent armature menu.

Normalize All

For each vertex, this tool makes sure that the sum of the weights across all vertex groups is equal to 1. This tool normalizes all of the vertex groups, except for locked groups, which keep their weight values untouched.

Lock Active

Keep the values of the active group while normalizing all the others.

Normalize

This tool only works on the active vertex group. All vertices keep their relative weights, but the entire set of weights is scaled up such that the highest weight value is 1.0.

Normalize example.

Mirror

The Mirror Vertex Group tool mirrors the weights from one side of a perfectly symmetrical mesh to the opposite side. Those vertices that have no corresponding vertex on the other side will not be affected. But note, the weights are not transferred to the corresponding opposite bone weight group.

Note

Mirroring only works when the object's rest pose is perfectly symmetrical across the X axis.

Mirror example.

Mirror Weights

With this option checked, every selected vertex receives the weight information of its symmetrical counterpart. If both vertices are selected, it will be a weight information exchange; if only one is selected, information from the unselected will overwrite the selected one. Information on weight is passed for the active group only, unless All Groups is checked, in which case it is passed for all groups.

Flip Group Names

Works with selected vertices that belong to vertex groups with "symmetrical names" (with components like "L", "R", "right", "left"). All selected vertices that belong to the active group, or to the symmetrical of the active group, will have their assignation to that group replaced by an assignation to the symmetrical one; however, its weight will be preserved. If All Groups is checked, all assignations to these kind of groups will be replaced by the symmetrical counterpart, also keeping the old weights.

All Groups

Operate on all vertex groups, instead of the active one.

Topology Mirror

Mirror for meshes which are not fully symmetric (approximate mirror). See here for more information.

Tip

Mirror to Opposite Bone

If you want to create a mirrored weight group for the opposite bone (of a symmetric character), then you can do this:

1. Delete the target vertex group (where the mirrored weights will be placed).

2. Create a copy of the source bone vertex group (the group containing the weights which you want to copy).

3. Rename the new vertex group to the name of the target vertex group (the group you deleted above).

4. Select the target vertex group and call the Mirror tool (use only Mirror Weights and optionally Topology Mirror if your mesh is not symmetric).

Invert

Replaces each Weight of the selected weight group by × -1.0 weight.

Examples:

• Original 1.0 converts to 0.0

• Original 0.5 remains 0.5

• Original 0.0 converts to 1.0

Invert.

Subset

Restrict the tool to a subset. See above The Subset Option about how subsets are defined.

Add Weights

Add vertices that have no weight before inverting (these weights will all be set to 1.0).

Remove Weights

Remove vertices from the vertex group if they are 0.0 after inverting.

Note

Locked vertex groups are not affected.

Clean

Clean Vertex Group Weights unassigns vertices from Vertex Groups whose weights are below the Limit. Removes weights below a given threshold. This tool is useful for clearing your weight groups of very low (or zero) weights.

In the example shown, a cutoff value of 0.2 is used (see operator options below) so all blue parts are cleaned out.

Note, the images use the Show Zero weights Active option so that unreferenced Weights are shown in Black.

Clean example.

Subset

Restrict the tool to a subset. See above The Subset Option for how subsets are defined.

Limit

This is the minimum weight value that will be kept in the group. Weights below this value will be removed from the group.

Keep Single

Ensure that the Clean tool will not create completely unreferenced vertices (vertices which are not assigned to any vertex group), so each vertex will keep at least one weight, even if it is below the limit value!

Quantize

This operator uses a process known as Quantization which takes the input weights and clamps each weight to a number of steps between (0 - 1), so there is no longer a smooth gradient between values.

Quantize example (Steps = 2).

Steps

The number of steps between 0 and 1 to quantize the weights into. For example 5 would allow the following weights [0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0].

Levels

Adds an offset and a scale to all weights of the selected weight groups. with this tool you can raise or lower the overall "heat" of the weight group.

Note

No weight will ever be set to values above 1.0 or below 0.0 regardless of the settings.

Levels example.

Subset

Restrict the tool to a subset. See above The Subset Option for how subsets are defined.

偏移量（Offset）

A value from the range (-1.0 - 1.0) to be added to all weights in the vertex group.

Gain (增益)

All weights in the Subset are multiplied with the gain.

Note

Whichever Gain and Offset you choose, in all cases the final value of each weight will be clamped to the range (0.0 - 1.0). So you will never get negative weights or overheated areas (weight > 1.0) with this tool.

Smooth

The Smooth operator blends the weights of selected vertices based on the average of adjacent vertices, creating smoother transitions in weight painting. This operator is useful for refining weight distributions, improving deformation in rigging, and eliminating abrupt transitions between vertex weights.

Note

This operator requires vertex selection to be enabled; otherwise, it will be unavailable.

Subset

Restrict the tool to a subset. See above The Subset Option about how subsets are defined.

Factor

Controls the amount of blending toward the average weight of connected vertices.

• A Factor of 0.0 preserves the original weights.

• A Factor of 1.0 fully adopts the calculated average weight.

• Values between 0.0 and 1.0 blend the weights proportionally.

Iterations

Sets how many times the smoothing operation is repeated. Higher values produce smoother results but may introduce unwanted artifacts in fine details.

Expand/Contract

Adjusts the smoothing influence by expanding or contracting the selection:

• Positive values expand the selection to include neighboring vertices.

• Negative values contract the selection to focus on a smaller subset of vertices.

範例

Example: Single Selected Vertex

Consider a single selected vertex connected to four unselected vertices. The unselected vertices have weights: 1, 0, 0, and 0. The average weight of the unselected vertices is: \((1 + 0 + 0 + 0) / 4 = 0.25\)

If the Factor is:

• 0.0: The selected vertex retains its original weight.

• 1.0: The selected vertex adopts the calculated average weight (0.25).

• Between 0 and 1: The vertex's weight gradually shifts toward 0.25, blending proportionally.

Single vertex select with a Factor of 1.0.

Example: Multiple Selected Vertices

When multiple vertices are selected, the Smooth operator applies calculations to each vertex based on its adjacent unselected vertices.

For example:

• A vertex connected to three unselected vertices with weights \((1, 0, 0)\) averages to \(0.333\).

• A vertex connected to one unselected vertex with weight 1 averages to \(1.0\).

• A vertex connected only to unselected vertices with weights \((0, 0, 0)\) remains unchanged with an average weight of \(0.0\).

These blended results depend on the Factor value.

Three selected vertices with a Factor of 1.0.

Example: Edge Loop Smoothing

In a practical use case, selecting a middle edge loop allows the operator to blend weights between adjacent areas. For example:

• The edge loop has two unselected adjacent vertices on either side, with weights \(1\) and \(0\).

• The average weight is \((1 + 0) / 2 = 0.5\).

• Applying the Smooth operator with Factor set to 1.0 will turn the edge loop green, creating a smooth blend between the "hot" (left) and "cold" (right) sides.

Center edge loop of vertices selected with a Factor of 1.0.

Transfer Weights

Copy weights from other objects to the vertex groups of the active object.

By default this tool copies only the active (selected) vertex group of the source object to the active vertex group of target object or creates a new one if the group does not exist. However, you can change the tool's behavior in the Adjust Last Operation panel.

For example, to transfer all existing vertex groups from the source objects to the target, change the Source Layers Selection option to By Name.

Note

This tool uses the generic "data transfer", but transfers from all selected objects to active one. Please refer to the Data Transfer docs for options details and explanations.

Prepare the Copy

You first select all source objects, and finally the target object (the target object must be the active object).

It is important that the source objects and the target object are at the same location. If they are placed side-by-side, then the weight transfer will not work. (See the Vertex Mapping option.) You can place the objects on different layers, but you have to ensure that all objects are visible when you call the tool.

Now ensure that the target object is in Weight Paint Mode. Open the Toolbar and call the Transfer Weights tool in the Weight Tools panel.

Adjust Last Operation Panel Confusion

You may notice that the Adjust Last Operation panel stays available after the weight transfer is done. The panel only disappears when you call another Operator that has its own Adjust Last Operation panel. This can lead to confusion when you use Transfer weights repeatedly after you changed your vertex groups. If you then use the still-visible Adjust Last Operation panel, then Blender will reset your work to its state right before you initially called the Transfer Weights tool.

So when you want to call the Transfer Weights tool again after you made some changes to your vertex groups, then always use the Transfer Weights button, even if the Adjust Last Operation panel is still available. Unless you really want to reset your changes to the initial call of the tool.

Limit Total

Reduce the number of weight groups per vertex to the specified Limit. The tool removes lowest weights first until the limit is reached.

Hint

The tool can only work reasonably when more than one weight group is selected.

Subset

Restrict the tool to a subset. See above The Subset Option for how subsets are defined.

Limit

Maximum number of weights allowed on each vertex.

Set Weight

Reference

Mode:

Weight Paint Mode

選單:

Weight ‣ Set Weight

Shortcut:

Ctrl-X

Fill the active vertex group with the current paint weight.

Sample Weight

Reference

Mode:

Weight Paint Mode

選單:

Weight ‣ Sample Weight

Shortcut:

Shift-X

Adjust the Weight of the Draw tool to the weight of the vertex under the mouse cursor.

Sample Group

Reference

Mode:

Weight Paint Mode

選單:

Weight ‣ Sample Group

Shortcut:

Shift-Ctrl-X

Select one of the vertex groups available under current mouse position.

Gradient (Linear)

Reference

Mode:

Weight Paint Mode

選單:

Weights ‣ Gradient (Linear)

Shortcut:

Shift-A

Applies a linear weight gradient; this is useful at times when painting gradual changes in weight becomes difficult. Blends the weights of selected vertices with unselected vertices.

Example of the Gradient tool being used with selected vertices.

權重

The gradient starts at the current selected weight value, blending out to nothing.

Strength

Lower values can be used so the gradient mixes in with the existing weights (just like with the brush).

Type

The shape of the gradient.

Linear:

Create gradient that forms a straight line.

Radial:

Create gradient that forms a circle.

Gradient (Radial)

Reference

Mode:

Weight Paint Mode

選單:

Weights ‣ Gradient (Radial)

Shortcut:

Shift-Alt-A

Applies a radial weight gradient; this is useful at times when painting gradual changes in weight becomes difficult. Blends the weights of selected vertices with unselected vertices.

權重

The gradient starts at the current selected weight value, blending out to nothing.

Strength

Lower values can be used so the gradient mixes in with the existing weights (just like with the brush).

Type

The shape of the gradient.

Linear:

Create gradient that forms a straight line.

Radial:

Create gradient that forms a circle.

Locks

Reference

Mode:

Edit Mode and Weight Paint Mode

選單:

Weights ‣ Locks

Shortcut:

K

Vertex groups can be locked to prevent undesired edits to a particular vertex group.

Tip

Bones that belong to a locked vertex group are displayed in red the 3D Viewport.

Lock All

Locks all vertex groups.

Lock Selected

Locks selected vertex groups.

Lock Unselected

Locks unselected vertex groups.

Lock Only Selected

Lock selected and unlock selected vertex groups.

Lock Only Unselected

Unlock selected and lock unselected vertex groups.

Unlock All

Unlocks all vertex groups.

Unlock Selected

Unlocks selected vertex groups.

Unlock Unselected

Unlocks Unselected vertex groups.

Invert Locks

Inverts the locks on all vertex groups.