Operadores de UV¶
Blender offers several ways of mapping UVs, going from simple ones that merely project the mesh’s vertices onto a plane to more advanced ones.
Desplegar¶
Referencia
- Editor:
3D Viewport, UV Editor
- Modo:
Modo Edición
- Menú:
- Atajo:
U
Cuts the selected faces along their seams, flattens them, and lays them out on the UV map. Previously existing UV coordinates are overwritten. Useful for organic shapes.
Resultado de desplegar a Suzanne.¶
Opciones¶
The Ajustar última operación panel allows fine control over how the mesh is unwrapped:
- Método
- Basado en ángulos
Utilizará un Aplanamiento Basado en Ángulo (ABF en inglés). Este método proporcionará una buena representación 2D de una malla.
- Conforme
Utilice Mapeo Conforme de Mínimos Cuadrados (LSCM en inglés). Esto generalmente proporciona un mapeo UV menos preciso que el Basado en Ángulos, pero funciona mejor para objetos más simples.
- Minimum Stretch
Uses Scalable Locally Injective Mapping (SLIM). This tries to minimize distortion for both areas and angles.
- Rellenar huecos
Virtually fill holes in the mesh before unwrapping, to better avoid overlaps and preserve symmetry.
- Usar subdivisión de superficie
Use the new vertex positions that were calculated by the Modificador Subdividir superficie (rather than the original positions from before any modifiers are run).
- Corregir proporción
By default, when you unwrap a square face onto a non-square texture, the face will appear stretched. You can enable Correct Aspect to prevent this. Note that for this to work, the mesh should have a material with an Nodo Imagen, and this node should be selected in the Nodos de sombreado.
- Iterations Minimum Stretch
Number of iterations for the Minimum Stretch method, where each iteration reduces the distortion further.
- No Flip Minimum Stretch
Disallow flipping faces. Allowing it sometimes results in less distortion when there are pins.
- Importance Weights Minimum Stretch
Lets you specify a vertex group to manually influence the size of certain faces in the UV map. Faces around high-weight vertices will take up more space in the UV map than ones around low-weight vertices.
When enabling this option, two more appear:
- Weight Group
The name of the vertex group to use.
- Weight Factor
A global factor to multiply all the weights by. A bigger number will result in a more exaggerated difference between high-weight and low-weight areas.
- Método de margen
The meaning of the Margin parameter, which determines the size of the empty space between UV islands.
- Escalado
The Margin is a more or less arbitrary measure with no direct relation to the sizes of the UV islands or the texture.
- Agregar
As above, but without the internally calculated scaling factor.
- Fracción
The Margin is a fraction of the UV bounds. This means that, if you have a 1024x1024 texture and set the Margin to 1/1024, each UV island will have a margin of 1 pixel around it (and islands will be no closer than 2 pixels to each other).
- Margen
How much empty space to leave between islands. Controlled by Margin Method.
Proyección UV inteligente¶
Referencia
- Editor:
3D Viewport, UV Editor
- Modo:
Modo Edición
- Menú:
- Atajo:
U
Examines the angles between the selected faces, cuts them along any sharp edges, then projects each separated group of faces along its average normal and lays it out on the UV map. You can also set up seams for additional cutting. This is a good method for, say, mechanical objects or architecture.
Smart UV project on a truncated pyramid.¶
Opciones¶
The Ajustar última operación panel allows fine control over how the mesh is unwrapped:
- Límite angular
The maximum allowed angle between the normals of adjacent faces before they’re split off from each other. A low limit will create lots of small UV islands with little distortion, while a high limit will create a few large islands with potentially more distortion.
- Método de margen
The meaning of the Island Margin parameter, which determines the size of the empty space between UV islands.
- Escalado
The Island Margin is a more or less arbitrary measure with no direct relation to the sizes of the UV islands or the texture.
- Agregar
As above, but without the internally calculated scaling factor.
- Fracción
The Island Margin is a fraction of the UV unit square. This means that, if you have a 1024x1024 texture and set the Island Margin to 1/1024, each UV island will have a margin of 1 pixel around it (and islands will be no closer than 2 pixels to each other).
- Método de rotación
- Alinear a eje
Automatically rotate to avoid wasting space.
- Alinear a eje (horizontal)
Rotará las islas para que queden alineadas horizontalmente.
- Alinear a eje (vertical)
Rotará las islas para que queden alineadas verticalmente.
- Margen entre islas
How much empty space to leave between islands. Controlled by Margin Method.
- Influencia según área
With a value of 0, the projection vector of each face group is simply the average of its face normals. With a value of 1, it’s an average that’s weighted using the faces” areas. Other values blend between the two.
- Corregir proporción
By default, when you unwrap a square face onto a non-square texture, the face will appear stretched. You can enable Correct Aspect to prevent this. Note that for this to work, the mesh should have a material with an Nodo Imagen, and this node should be selected in the Nodos de sombreado.
- Escalar hasta límites
Stretches the resulting UV map to fill the complete texture.
Empacar mapa de iluminación¶
Referencia
- Editor:
3D Viewport, UV Editor
- Modo:
Modo Edición
- Menú:
- Atajo:
U
Places each selected face separately on the UV map. Lightmaps are commonly used for baking lighting information into a texture for use in realtime rendering – as such, they prioritize using as much of the texture as possible, typically resulting in a disconnected and distorted UV map that would be unsuitable for manual texturing work.
Opciones¶
The Ajustar última operación panel allows fine control over how the mesh is unwrapped:
- Selección
- Caras seleccionadas
Only unwraps the selected faces.
- Todas las caras
Desenvolverá la malla completa.
- Compartir espacio de texturizado
You can use Edición de varios objetos a la vez to generate UV maps for multiple meshes at the same time. When Share Texture Space is enabled, the UV maps won’t overlap each other, so that you can later use the same lightmap texture for all the meshes.
- Nuevo mapa UV
Creates a new UV map instead of overwriting the currently selected one. See Mapas UV.
- Calidad de empaque
Higher values result in a UV map that wastes less space (but also takes longer to calculate).
- Margen
How much empty space to leave between the faces in the UV map.
Seguir cuadriláteros activos¶
Referencia
- Editor:
3D Viewport, UV Editor
- Modo:
Modo Edición
- Menú:
- Atajo:
U
Starts from the active quad and recursively attaches its neighboring, selected mesh quads to its pre-existing UV quad. Non-quad faces are ignored.
Nota
Because the active quad’s UV layout is left unchanged, you’ll typically want to make sure it has the same shape in the UV map as on the mesh before running this unwrap (e.g. by running another type of unwrap on just that face). Otherwise, the distortion will spread to all the other faces.
Nota
The resulting UV map may go out of bounds. You can fix this by manually scaling it down or by using Empacar islas.
Opciones¶
The Ajustar última operación panel allows fine control over how the mesh is unwrapped:
- Modo longitud bordes
How to calculate the lengths of the UV edges for the newly attached quads.
- Uniforme
Give each new UV edge the same length as the UV edge it’s extending, regardless of its length on the mesh.
- Longitud
Give each new UV edge a length that’s proportional to its length on the mesh.
- Longitud promedio
Give each new UV edge a length that’s proportional to the average edge length in its edge ring on the mesh.
Proyección cúbica¶
Referencia
- Editor:
3D Viewport, UV Editor
- Modo:
Modo Edición
- Menú:
- Atajo:
U
Projects each selected face onto the most suitable side of a virtual cube, then places all these sides in the UV map, overlapping each other. If you don’t want them to overlap, you can use Empacar islas.
The cube is centered on the Pivote and aligned to the mesh’s local axes.
Opciones¶
The Ajustar última operación panel allows fine control over how the mesh is unwrapped:
- Tamaño cubo
The size of the cube to project onto.
- Corregir proporción
By default, when you unwrap a square face onto a non-square texture, the face will appear stretched. You can enable Correct Aspect to prevent this. Note that for this to work, the mesh should have a material with an Nodo Imagen, and this node should be selected in the Nodos de sombreado.
- Recortar hasta límites
Moves any out-of-bounds UVs to the nearest border.
- Escalar hasta límites
Stretches the resulting UV map to fill the complete texture.
Proyección cilíndrica¶
Referencia
- Editor:
3D Viewport, UV Editor
- Modo:
Modo Edición
- Menú:
- Atajo:
U
Projects the selected faces onto a virtual cylinder, then unrolls that cylinder. The cylinder is centered on the Pivote, which is normally the averaged-out position of the selected faces; however, you can also move it to a different place using e.g. the Cursor 3D.
Opciones¶
The Ajustar última operación panel allows fine control over how the mesh is unwrapped:
- Direction, Align
The direction of the cylinder’s central axis.
- Vista en ecuador
Use an axis that’s perpendicular to the viewing direction in the 3D Viewport. If Align is Polar ZX, use the vertical axis of the viewing plane; if it’s Polar ZY, use the horizontal one.
- Vista en polos
Use an axis that’s parallel to the viewing direction in the 3D Viewport. Depending on Align, the cylinder will be rotated by 90° around its axis and the UV map will be shifted horizontally by a quarter.
- Alinear a objeto
Use the object’s local Z axis. Depending on Align, the cylinder will be rotated by 90° around its axis and the UV map will be shifted horizontally by a quarter.
- Polo
How to handle vertices that lie on the cylinder’s central axis.
- Pellizcar
Place all UV versions of the vertex at the same U coordinate. This tends to result in heavily distorted UV faces.
- Abanico
Place each UV version of the vertex at a U coordinate that minimizes distortion.
- Preservar costuras
Cut the mesh along its seams before projecting.
- Radio
Half the height of the cylinder (i.e. not its radius; we’re only using the cylinder for projection, so its radius doesn’t matter).
- Corregir proporción
By default, when you unwrap a square face onto a non-square texture, the face will appear stretched. You can enable Correct Aspect to prevent this. Note that for this to work, the mesh should have a material with an Nodo Imagen, and this node should be selected in the Nodos de sombreado.
- Recortar hasta límites
Moves any out-of-bounds UVs to the nearest border.
- Escalar hasta límites
Stretches the resulting UV map to fill the complete texture.
Proyección esférica¶
Referencia
- Editor:
3D Viewport, UV Editor
- Modo:
Modo Edición
- Menú:
- Atajo:
U
Projects the selected faces onto a virtual sphere, then flattens that sphere much like a world map: the latitude lines vertical and the longitude lines evenly spaced. This is useful for texturing spherical shapes such as eyes or planets.
The sphere is centered on the Pivote, which is normally the averaged-out position of the selected faces; however, you can also move it to a different place using e.g. the Cursor 3D.
Usando una imagen equirrectangular con una Proyección esférica.¶
Opciones¶
The Ajustar última operación panel allows fine control over how the mesh is unwrapped:
- Direction, Align
The direction of the sphere’s vertical axis.
- Vista en ecuador
Use an axis that’s perpendicular to the viewing direction in the 3D Viewport. If Align is Polar ZX, use the vertical axis of the viewing plane; if it’s Polar ZY, use the horizontal one.
- Vista en polos
Use an axis that’s parallel to the viewing direction in the 3D Viewport. Depending on Align, the sphere will be rotated by 90° around its vertical axis and the UV map will be shifted horizontally by a quarter.
- Alinear a objeto
Use the object’s local Z axis. Depending on Align, the sphere will be rotated by 90° around its vertical axis and the UV map will be shifted horizontally by a quarter.
- Polo
How to handle vertices that lie on the sphere’s vertical axis. (See Proyección cilíndrica for an example.)
- Pellizcar
Place all UV versions of the vertex at the same U coordinate. This tends to result in heavily distorted UV faces.
- Abanico
Place each UV version of the vertex at a U coordinate that minimizes distortion.
- Preservar costuras
Cut the mesh along its seams before projecting.
- Corregir proporción
By default, when you unwrap a square face onto a non-square texture, the face will appear stretched. You can enable Correct Aspect to prevent this. Note that for this to work, the mesh should have a material with an Nodo Imagen, and this node should be selected in the Nodos de sombreado.
- Recortar hasta límites
Moves any out-of-bounds UVs to the nearest border.
- Escalar hasta límites
Stretches the resulting UV map to fill the complete texture.
Proyectar desde la vista¶
Referencia
- Editor:
Vista 3D
- Modo:
Modo Edición
- Menú:
- Atajo:
U
Projects the selected faces onto the view plane. The UV map essentially becomes a wireframe picture of the mesh, taken in the 3D Viewport at the current viewing angle. Use this option if you are using a picture of a real object as a texture. You will get stretching in areas where the model recedes away from you.
Opciones¶
The Ajustar última operación panel allows fine control over how the mesh is unwrapped:
- Ortogonal
Use an Orthographic projection instead of Perspective.
- Límites de cámara
Map the borders of the image that would be rendered through the current camera to the borders of the UV map. This option only has an effect when viewing the scene through the camera; see Visualización desde la cámara activa.
- Corregir proporción
By default, when you unwrap a square face onto a non-square texture, the face will appear stretched. You can enable Correct Aspect to prevent this. Note that for this to work, the mesh should have a material with an Nodo Imagen, and this node should be selected in the Nodos de sombreado.
- Recortar hasta límites
Moves any out-of-bounds UVs to the nearest border.
- Escalar hasta límites
Stretches the resulting UV map to fill the complete texture.
Proyectar desde la vista (hasta límites)¶
Referencia
- Editor:
Vista 3D
- Modo:
Modo Edición
- Menú:
- Atajo:
U
Igual que Proyectar desde la vista, pero con la opción Escalar hasta límites activada de forma predefinida.
Restablecer¶
Referencia
- Editor:
3D Viewport, UV Editor
- Modo:
Modo Edición
- Menú:
- Atajo:
U
Resets the UV layout of each selected face to fill the whole UV area.