Модификатор подразделения поверхности (subdivision surface modifier)

The Subdivision Surface modifier (often shortened as slang to «Subdiv» or «Subsurf») is used to split the faces of a mesh into smaller faces, giving it a smooth appearance. It enables you to create complex smooth surfaces while modeling simple, low-vertex meshes. It avoids the need to save and maintain huge amounts of data, and gives a smooth «organic» look to the object.

As with any modifier, order of execution (position in the modifier stack) has an important bearing on the results.

Keep in mind that this is a different operation than its companion, Smooth Shading. You can see the difference between the two in the grid image below.

Subdivision levels 0 to 3, without and with Smooth Shading.

Совет

The Subdivision Surface modifier does not allow you to edit the new subdivided geometry without applying it, but the Multiresolution modifier does (in Sculpt Mode).

Примечание

This modifier uses the OpenSubdiv library as a backend.

Опции (options)

The Subdivision Surface modifier.

Catmull-Clark

Subdivides and smooths the surfaces to create a more pleasant looking mesh. According to its Wikipedia page, the «arbitrary-looking formula was chosen by Catmull and Clark based on the aesthetic appearance of the resulting surfaces rather than on a mathematical derivation.»

Простой (simple)

Only subdivides the surfaces, this often does not provide any smoothing unless the surface is non-coplanar (the same as the Subdivide operator, in Edit Mode). To work around this behavior for non-coplanar geometry, triangulate to ensure all geometry is coplanar.

Simple mode can be used, for example, to increase the base mesh resolution when using displacement maps.

Levels Viewport, Render

The number of subdivision levels shown in the 3D Viewport or the final render.

Предупреждение

Higher levels of subdivisions results in more vertices, which means higher memory consumption (both system RAM, and video memory for display). This can cause Blender to hang or crash if not enough memory is available.

Совет

The right combination of these settings will allow you to keep a fast and lightweight approximation of your model when interacting with it in the 3D Viewport, but use a higher quality version when rendering.

Be careful not to set the Viewport subdivisions higher than the Render subdivisions, this would mean that the quality in the 3D Viewport will be higher than the rendered.

Optimal Display (оптимальное отображение)

При визуализации каркаса этого объекта сетка новых разделённых рёбер будет пропущена (отображаются только рёбра исходной геометрии).

Дополнительно (advanced)

Use Limit Surface

Places vertices at the surface that would be produced with infinite levels of subdivision (smoothest possible shape).

Качество (quality)

When Use Limit Surface is enabled this property controls how precisely vertices are positioned on the limit surface (relatively to their theoretical position of an infinitely subdivided mesh). It can be lowered to get a better performance.

Using higher values does not necessarily mean real improvement in quality, ideal results might be reached well before the maximum Quality value.

Примечание

This value can affect the accuracy of Edge Creases; using a higher Quality value will allow for a wider range of crease values to work accurately.

UV-сглаживание (UV smooth)

Контролирует, как сглаживание подразделения применяется к UV.

Нет (none):

UV остаются без изменений.

Сохранять углы (keep corners):

UV-островки сглаживаются, но их граница остаётся неизменной.

Сохранять углы, стыки (keep corners, junctions):

UV сглажены, углы на прерывистой границе и соединениях трёх и более областей остаются острыми.

Сохранять углы, стыки, вогнутости (keep corners, junctions, concave):

UV сглажены, углы на прерывистой границе, соединения трёх или более областей, а также выступы и вогнутые углы остаются острыми.

Сохранять границы (keep boundaries):

UV сглажены, границы остаются острыми.

Все (all):

UV и их границы сглажены.

Сглаженность границы (boundary smooth)

Управляет сглаживанием открытых границ (и углов).

Все (all):

Сглаженные границы, включая углы.

Сохранять углы (keep corners):

Сглаженные границы, но углы остаются острыми.

Use Creases

Использование значений Weighted Edge Creases, хранящиеся в рёбрах, чтобы управлять их сглаживанием.

Use Custom Normals

Interpolates existing Настраиваемые разделённые нормали (custom split normals) of the resulting mesh. Otherwise, new faces will have the overall normal orientation of that original face.

Keyboard Shortcuts

To quickly add a Subdivision Surface modifier to one or more objects, select the object(s) and press Ctrl-1. That will add a Subdivision Surface modifier with Viewport subdivisions set to 1. You can use other numbers too, such as Ctrl-2, Ctrl-3, etc, to add a modifier with that number of subdivisions. Adding a Subdivision Surface modifier in this fashion will not modify the Render subdivisions.

If an object already has a Subdivision Surface modifier, doing this will simply change its subdivision level instead of adding another modifier.

Control

Catmull-Clark subdivision rounds off edges, and often this is not what you want. There are several solutions that allow you to control the subdivision.

Weighted Edge Creases

Weighted edge creases for subdivision surfaces allows you to change the way the Subdivision Surface modifier subdivides the geometry to give the edges a smooth or sharp appearance.

A subdivided cube with creased edges.

The crease weight of selected edges can be changed in the Transform panel, Sidebar of the 3D Viewport. The scale-like dedicated tool Shift-E can also be used to adjust the crease weight. A higher value makes the edge «stronger» and more resistant to the smoothing effect of subdivision surfaces.

Петли рёбер (edge loops)

Subdivision Level 2 cube, the same with an extra Edge Loop, and the same with six extra Edge Loops.

The Subdivision Surface modifier demonstrates why good, clean topology is so important. As you can see in the figure, it has a drastic effect on a default cube. Until you add in additional loops (with e.g. Loop Cut and Slide), the shape is almost unrecognizable as a cube.

A mesh with deliberate topology has good placement of edge loops, which allow the placement of more loops (or their removal) to control the sharpness/smoothness of the resultant mesh.

Известные ограничения

Non-Contiguous Normals

Abrupt normal changes will prevent portions of the mesh from producing a smooth subdivision. Instead, these portions with non-contiguous normals will be subdivided using the «Simple» subdivision method.

Comparison of good normals and bad normals.

Side view of image on the left.

A quick way to fix this is to Recalculate Normals. If this does not work you may have to manually flip the normals.